Izikhumba kunye nembewu yediliya kunye namaqunube aqulethe i-resveratrol, eyenza iwayini ebomvu ityebe kule khompawundi. Uphando lubonisa ukuba ineenzuzo ezinkulu zempilo, kodwa kufuneka ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nokuba singakanani isongezelelo ekufuneka usithathe.
Ukuba uvile ukuba iwayini ebomvu inceda i-cholesterol ephantsi, mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge-resveratrol, isityalo sesityalo esichazwe ngokubanzi kwiwayini ebomvu.
Kodwa ukongeza ekubeni yinxalenye enenzuzo yewayini ebomvu kunye nokunye ukutya, i-resveratrol nayo inamandla empilo.
Ngapha koko, izongezo ze-resveratrol zinxulunyaniswa neenzuzo ezininzi zempilo ezimangalisayo, kubandakanya nokukhusela ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (1, 2, 3, 4).
Eli nqaku licacisa into ekufuneka uyazi malunga ne-resveratrol, kubandakanywa neenzuzo zayo ezisixhenxe ezinokubakho kwimpilo.
I-Resveratrol sisityalo sesityalo esisebenza njenge-antioxidant. Imithombo yokutya emikhulu iquka iwayini ebomvu, iidiliya, amajikijolo athile, kunye namandongomane (5, 6).
Le khompawundi ikholisa ukugxila kwizikhumba kunye nembewu yediliya kunye namaqunube. Ezi ndawo zomdiliya zibandakanyeka ekuvutshelweni kwe wayini ebomvu kwaye ke ngoko zinezinga eliphezulu leresveratrol (5, 7).
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezifundo ze-resveratrol zenziwe kwizilwanyana kunye nakwiityhubhu zokuvavanya zisebenzisa inani elikhulu lale khompawundi (5, 8).
Kwizifundo ezilinganiselweyo ebantwini, uninzi lugxile kwiindlela ezongeziweyo zekhompawundi, ezifumaneka kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunezo zifunyenwe ekutyeni (5).
I-Resveratrol yi-antioxidant compound efumaneka kwiwayini ebomvu, amajikijolo kunye namandongomane. Izifundo ezininzi zabantu zisebenzise izongezo eziqulethe amanqanaba aphezulu e-resveratrol.
Ngenxa yeepropathi zayo ze-antioxidant, i-resveratrol inokuba yinto ethembisayo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi (9).
Uphononongo lwe-2015 lugqibe ukuba amanani aphezulu anokunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwiindonga ze-artery xa intliziyo ibetha (3).
Olu xinzelelo lubizwa ngokuba yi-systolic blood pressure kwaye lubonakala njengenani eliphezulu kuxinzelelo lwegazi.
Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwe-Systolic ludla ngokunyuka ngokukhula ngenxa ye-atherosclerosis. Xa iphezulu, ngumngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo.
I-Resveratrol inokufikelela kwimiphumo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokunceda ukuvelisa i-nitric oxide eninzi, ebangela ukuba imithwalo yegazi ikhululeke (10, 11).
Nangona kunjalo, ababhali bophononongo bathi uphando olongezelelweyo luyafuneka ukwenza iingcebiso ezithile malunga nedosi efanelekileyo ye-resveratrol yeziphumo eziphezulu kuxinzelelo lwegazi.
Izifundo ezininzi zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba izongezo ze-resveratrol zinokuguqula i-lipids yegazi ngeendlela eziphilileyo (12, 13).
Kuphononongo luka-2016, iigundane zondliwa ngokutya okuphezulu kwiprotheyini kunye namafutha e-polyunsaturated afakwe kwi-resveratrol.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-avareji yezinga le-cholesterol epheleleyo kunye nobunzima bomzimba weempuku behla, ngelixa inqanaba le-cholesterol "elungileyo" ye-HDL landa (13).
I-resveratrol ibonakala ichaphazela amanqanaba e-cholesterol ngokunciphisa isenzo se-enzymes elawula ukuveliswa kwe-cholesterol (13).
Njenge-antioxidant, ikwanciphisa i-oxidation ye "cholesterol embi" ye-LDL. I-Oxidation ye-LDL ikhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-plaque kwindonga ye-arterial (9, 14).
Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu zonyango, abathathi-nxaxheba abathatha isicatshulwa somdiliya esingaxutywanga okanye i-placebo bafumana ukuncipha kwe-4.5% kwi-LDL kunye ne-20% yokunciphisa i-LDL ene-oxidized (15).
Izongezelelo zeResveratrol zinokuphucula amanqanaba egazi lelipid kwizilwanyana. Ukuba yi-antioxidant, zikwanciphisa i-oxidation ye-cholesterol ye-LDL.
Ukukwazi kwekhompawundi ukwandisa ubomi bezinto ezahlukeneyo eziphilayo kuye kwaba yeyona ndawo iphambili yophando (16).
Kukho ubungqina bokuba i-resveratrol ivuselela izakhi zofuzo ezithile, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela izifo zokuguga (17).
Oku kusebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-calorie restriction, ebonise iziphumo ezithembisayo ekwandiseni ixesha lokuphila ngokuguqula indlela i-gene echazwe ngayo (18, 19).
Uphononongo lophononongo oluvavanya eli khonkco lufumanise ukuba i-resveratrol yandiswa ixesha lokuphila kwi-60% yezinto eziphilayo ezifundiweyo, kodwa isiphumo sachazwa kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezinganxulumananga ngokusondeleyo nabantu, njengeentshulube kunye neentlanzi (20).
Izifundo zezilwanyana zibonise ukuba izongezelelo ze-resveratrol zinokwandisa ubomi. Nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba ziya kuba nefuthe elifanayo ebantwini.
Uphononongo oluninzi lubonise ukuba ukusela iwayini ebomvu kunokunceda ukucotha ukuhla kwengqondo okunxulumene neminyaka (21, 22, 23, 24).
Kubonakala ngathi iphazamisana namaqhekeza eprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yi-amyloid beta, ebaluleke kakhulu ekubunjweni kweempawu ze-Alzheimer's disease (21, 25).
Ngelixa olu phando lunika umdla, izazinzulu zisenemibuzo malunga nokukwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa i-resveratrol eyongezelelweyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwangoko njengesongezo sokukhusela ingqondo (1, 2).
I-Resveratrol yi-antioxidant enamandla kunye ne-anti-inflammatory compound enokukhusela iiseli zengqondo emonakalweni.
Ezi zibonelelo zibandakanya ukuphucula ukuvakalelwa kwe-insulin kunye nokukhusela iingxaki zesifo sikashukela (26,27,28,29).
Enye inkcazo malunga nendlela i-resveratrol esebenza ngayo kukuba inokuthintela i-enzyme ekuguquleni i-glucose ibe yi-sorbitol, utywala obushukela.
Xa i-sorbitol eninzi iqokelela emizimbeni yabantu abanesifo sikashukela, inokubangela uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative olonakalisa iseli (30, 31).
I-Resveratrol inokuba luncedo kubantu abanesifo seswekile kunabantu abangenasifo seswekile. Kuphononongo olunye lwezilwanyana, iwayini ebomvu kunye ne-resveratrol zifunyenwe zinamandla ngakumbi e-antioxidants kwiimpuku zeswekile kuneempuku ezingezonondiabetic (32).
Abaphandi bathi i-compound ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sikashukela kunye neengxaki zayo kwixesha elizayo, kodwa uphando oluninzi luyafuneka.
I-Resveratrol inceda iimpuku ukuphucula uvakalelo lwe-insulin kunye nokulwa neengxaki zeswekile. Kwixesha elizayo, abaguli abanesifo seswekile banokuzuza kunyango lwe-resveratrol.
Izongezelelo zezityalo ziyaphononongwa njengendlela yokunyanga nokuthintela iintlungu zamalungu. Xa kuthathwa njengesongezelelo, i-resveratrol inokunceda ukukhusela i-cartilage ekuqhekekeni (33, 34).
Olunye uphononongo lutofe i-resveratrol kumalungu edolo emivundla kwaye yafumanisa ukuba le mivundla inomonakalo omncinci we-cartilage (34).
Olunye uvavanyo-ityhubhu kunye nezifundo zezilwanyana zibonise ukukwazi kwale khompawundi ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kunye nokuthintela umonakalo odibeneyo (33, 35, 36, 37).
I-Resveratrol ifundwe ngamandla ayo okuthintela kunye nokunyanga umhlaza, ngakumbi kwiityhubhu zovavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo ziye zaxutywa (30, 38, 39).
Kuye kwaboniswa ukulwa neentlobo zeeseli zomhlaza kwizilwanyana kunye nezifundo zetyhubhu zokuvavanya, kuquka isisu, ikholoni, isikhumba, isifuba, kunye ne-prostate cancers (40, 41, 42, 43, 44).
Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni amaphononongo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku aqhutywe kwiityhubhu zovavanyo kunye nezilwanyana, uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukuqonda ukuba kwaye le khompawundi ingasetyenziselwa njani ukunyanga umhlaza ebantwini.
Uphononongo olusebenzisa izongezo ze-resveratrol alufumananga mingcipheko ibalulekileyo. Babonakala benyamezeleka kakuhle ngabantu abasempilweni (47).
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngoku kukho ukunqongophala kweengcebiso ezicacileyo malunga nokuba ingakanani i-resveratrol umntu ekufuneka ayithathe ukuze afumane izibonelelo zempilo.
Kukho nezilumkiso, ngakumbi malunga nendlela i-resveratrol edibana ngayo namanye amayeza.
Ngenxa yokuba amanani aphezulu abonakaliswe ukukhusela igazi kwiityhubhu zokuvavanya, anokunyusa ukopha okanye ukuphuka xa kuthathwa kunye ne-anticoagulants efana ne-heparin okanye i-warfarin, okanye amayeza athile entlungu (48, 49).
I-Resveratrol iphinda ithintele ii-enzymes ezinceda ukususa iikhompawundi ezithile emzimbeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba amanye amayeza anokufikelela kumanqanaba angakhuselekanga. Ezi ziquka amachiza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi, iziyobisi ezichasayo, kunye ne-immunosuppressants (50).
Ukuba ngoku usebenzisa amayeza, unokufuna ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe i-resveratrol.