URutini-chemical formula yi (C27H30O16 • 3H2O), ivithamini, inefuthe lokunciphisa i-capillary permeability kunye ne-brittleness, igcine kwaye ibuyisele i-elasticity evamile ye-capillaries. Ukuthintela kunye nonyango lwe-hypertensive cerebral haemorrhage; I-Diabetic retinal hemorrhage kunye ne-hemorrhagic purpura nazo zisetyenziswa njenge-antioxidants yokutya kunye ne-pigments.

Yahlulwe ngokwezi ndlela zine zilandelayo:

1. I-Rutin NF11: umgubo omthubi-oluhlaza, okanye ikristale entle kakhulu ye-acicular; Ayinavumba, ayinancasa; Umbala uba mnyama emoyeni; Ifudunyezwe kwi-185-192 ℃, iba ngumzimba omdaka wegelatin kwaye ibole malunga ne-215 ℃. Inyibilika kancinci kwi-ethanol ebilayo, inyibilika kancinane emanzini abilayo, inyibilika kancinane kakhulu emanzini abandayo, inyibilika ngokulula kwi-isopropyl yotywala kunye ne-methanol, ayinyibiliki kwi-trichloromethane, ether nebenzene; Inyibilika kwisisombululo sealkali hydroxide. Indlela yokuchonga yi-A: i-hydrochloric acid reflux hydrolysis ukuya kwi-quercetin, indawo yayo yokunyibilika iyi-312℃B: imvula ebomvu ye-cuprous oxide. C: Ukongeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide si-orenji tyheli D: isisombululo se-ethanol kunye ne-ferric chloride isisombululo siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka E: isisombululo se-ethanol kunye ne-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-magnesium ngokuthe ngcembe umxholo obomvu: ≥95.0% (UV) (ngeemveliso ezomileyo)

Ukuncipha kobunzima bomileyo :5.5% ~ 9.0%

Ukutshisa intsalela ≤0.5%

I-Chlorophyll ≤0.004%

Ibala elibomvu ≤0.004%

Izinto eziyeleleneyo i-quercetin ≤5.0%(UV)

Lilonke inani lebhaktheriya ye-aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Lilonke inani lokungunda kunye negwele ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ayiyi kufunyanwa /g

Imiqathango yogcino Gcina kwisingxobo esingangeni moya kude nokukhanya.

2. I-Rutoside Trihydrate EP 9.0: Umgubo omthubi okanye otyheli-luhlaza. Phantse ayinyibiliki emanzini, i-soluble kwi-methanol, i-soluble kancinane kwi-ethanol (96%), iphantse inganyibiliki kwi-methylene chloride. Inyibilika kwisisombululo sehydroxide. Indlela yokuchonga imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: A: Ubuninzi bokufunxa kwi-257nm kunye ne-358nm, kunye ne-coefficient yokufunxa ephezulu kwi-358nm yi-305 ~ 330. Ubungakanani buya kubonakala kwindawo ehambelanayo yechromatogram yereferensi yemveliso D: isisombululo se-ethanol kunye ne-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-zinc iya kubonisa ebomvu.

Umxholo 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ngemveliso eyomileyo)(titration)

Ukufuma 7.5% ~ 9.5%(Cartesian)

Ukutshisa intsalela ≤0.1%

Elona xabiso liphezulu lokufunxa ukukhanya kokungcola okubonakalayo kwi-450nm ukuya kwi-800nm ​​aliyi kuba likhulu kuno-0.10

Izinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwimethanol ≤3.0%

Izinto ezinxulumene ne-isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, ukungcola okupheleleyo ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Lilonke inani lebhaktheriya ye-aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Lilonke inani lokungunda kunye negwele ≤102cfu/g

Iibhaktheriya zeBile gram-negative ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ayiyi kufunyanwa /g

I-Salmonella ayinakubonwa / 25g

Iimeko zokugcina zigcina kude nokukhanya

3. Rutin USP43: Indlela yokuchonga ngu-A: i-absorption ephezulu kwi-257nm kunye ne-358nm, kunye ne-coefficient ephezulu yokufunxa kwi-358nm yi-305 ~ 33. C: Ixesha lokugcinwa kwencopho yechromatogram kufuneka lihambelane naleyo yereferensi yemveliso

Umxholo 95.0% ~ 101.0% (ngemveliso eyomileyo)(titration)

Ukufuma 7.5% ~ 9.5%(Cartesian)

Ukutshisa intsalela ≤0.1%

Elona xabiso liphezulu lokufunxa ukukhanya kokungcola okubonakalayo kwi-450nm ukuya kwi-800nm ​​aliyi kuba likhulu kuno-0.10

Izinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwimethanol ≤3.0%

Izinto ezinxulumene ne-isoquercetin ≤2.0%, kaempferol-3-rutin ≤2.0%, quercetin ≤2.0%, enye i-mono-miscellaneous ≤1.0%, ukungcola okupheleleyo ≤4.0% (HPLC)

Lilonke inani lebhaktheriya ye-aerobic ≤104cfu/g

Lilonke inani lokungunda kunye negwele ≤103cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ayiyi kufunyanwa / 10g

I-Salmonella ayiyi kufunyanwa / 10g

Imeko yogcino ivaliwe kwaye igcinwe kude nokukhanya.

4. Umgangatho woMphathiswa WS1-49(B)-89 weRutinum: umgubo ophuzi okanye ophuzi-luhlaza, okanye i-crystal acicular ecolekileyo kakhulu; Ayinavumba, ayinancasa; Umbala uba mnyama emoyeni; Ifudunyezwe kwi-185 ~ 192℃ ukuze ibe yijeli emdaka. Inyibilika kancinane kwi-ethanol ebilayo, inyibilika kancinane emanzini abilayo, inyibilika kancinane kumanzi abandayo, ayinyibiliki kwi-trichloromethane kunye ne-ether; Inyibilika kwisisombululo sealkali hydroxide. Indlela yokuchonga yile: A: ebomvu cuprous oxide precipitate. B: Ipateni yokufunxa i-infrared kufuneka ihambelane naleyo yento yokulawula. C: Ubuninzi be-absorption bufumaneka kwi-wavelengths ye-259±1nm kunye ne-362.5±1nm.

Umxholo ≥93.0%(UV)(ngemveliso eyomileyo)

Ukuncipha kobunzima bomileyo 5.5% ~ 9.0%

Ukutshisa intsalela ≤0.3%

Izinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwi-methanol ≤2.5% (i-insoluble matter kwi-ethanol)

Into eyeleleneyo i-quercetin ≤4.0%(Umaleko omncinci)

Lilonke inani lebhaktheriya ye-aerobic ≤103cfu/g

Lilonke inani lokungunda kunye negwele ≤102cfu/g

I-Escherichia coli ayiyi kufunyanwa /g

I-Salmonella ayiyi kufunyanwa /g

Imeko yogcino ivaliwe kwaye igcinwe kude nokukhanya.

Impembelelo ye-Pharmacological:

Isenzo se-Antifree radical

Iimolekyuli zeoksijini ziyancitshiswa ngohlobo lwee-elektroni ezingatshatanga kwimetabolism yeseli, kwaye ii-ion ze-O eziveliswa kukuncipha kweemolekyuli ze-oksijini ngohlobo lwee-electron ezingatshatanga ziya kuthi emva koko zivelise i-H2O2 kunye netyhefu kakhulu ·OH iiradicals zasimahla emzimbeni, ngaloo ndlela zichaphazela ulusu. ukugudisa kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuguga kwesikhumba. Ngaphezu koko, ukongeza i-rutin kwimveliso ngokucacileyo kunokususa iintlobo zeoksijini ezisebenzayo eziveliswa ziiseli. I-Rutin iyikhompawundi ye-flavonoid, eyi-antioxidant eyomeleleyo yokukhupha ii-radicals zamahhala. Iyakwazi ukumisa i-chain reaction of radicals yamahhala, inqanda i-peroxidation ye-polyunsaturated fatty acids kwi-biofilms, isuse iimveliso ze-lipid peroxidation, ikhusele ingqibelelo ye-biofilms kunye nezakhiwo ze-subcellular, kwaye idlale indima ebalulekileyo emzimbeni. [2]

I-Anti-lipid peroxidation

I-Lipid peroxidation ibhekiselele kuthotho lweenkqubo ze-oxidation ezibangelwa zintlobo ze-oksijini esebenzayo ezihlasela i-polyunsaturated fatty acids kwi-biofilms. UZhu Jianlin et al. uzimisele kwaye uhlalutye umsebenzi we-SOD kwiigundane, umxholo we-free-radical lipid peroxidation product MDA, kunye nomxholo we-Lipofuscin kwisibindi esikhulu, kwaye wafumanisa ukuba i-rutin inefuthe elithintelayo kwi-lipid peroxidation kwiigundane ezithenwe, kwaye inokuthintela ukuhla kwamandla e-antioxidant. yenkqubo ye-antioxidant kwiimpuku emva kokuthenwa. I-Rutin inokuxhathisa ukwehla kwamandla e-antioxidant okubangelwa ukuhla kwe-estrogen engapheliyo kwaye ine-antioxidant effect. I-high density lipoprotein (HDL) ineempembelelo ezichasene ne-atherosclerotic. Nangona kunjalo, i-HDL, njenge-low density lipoprotein (LDL) kunye ne-low density lipoprotein (VLDL), inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized kwaye iguqulwe kwi-vitro. Emva kokuba i-HDL i-oxidized kwaye iguqulelwe kwi-Ox-HDL, inefuthe le-atherosclerosis. UMeng Fang et al. iphande isiphumo se-rutin kulungiso lwe-HDL oxidative yi-Cu2+ mediated oxidative modification in vitro. Isiphelo I-Rutin inokuthintela kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwe-oxidative ye-HDL. [2]

Impembelelo echasayo yeplatelet activating factor

I-pathogenesis yezifo ezininzi ze-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular, ezifana ne-thrombosis, i-atherosclerosis, i-inflammation reaction kunye ne-ischemia-reperfusion free radical injury, inxulumene ngokusondeleyo nolamlo lwe-plateletactivatingfactor (PAF). Ke ngoko, ukuchasana nefuthe le-PAF yindlela ebalulekileyo yokunciphisa ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba i-rutin inokuchasa ukubophelela okuthe ngqo kwe-PAF kwi-Rabbit platelet membrane receptors ezixhomekeke ekugxininiseni, inqanda i-PAf-mediated platelet adhesion kwimivundla kunye nokwanda koxinzelelo lwe-Ca2+ kwi-PMNs, iphakamisa ukuba indlela yokusebenza kwe-rutin ye-anti-PAF ukuthintela ukusebenza kwe-PAF receptor, kwaye emva koko uthintele ukusabela okubangelwa yi-PAF, ukuze udlale indima ekukhuselweni kwentliziyo. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba i-rutin yayingumchasi we-PAF we-receptor. [2]

I-Anti-acute pancreatitis

I-Rutin inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo i-hypocalcemia kunye nokunciphisa i-Ca2 + yoxinaniso kwizicubu ze-pancreatic. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba i-rutin inokunyusa umxholo we-phospholipase A2 (PLA2) kwi-pancreatic tissue of rats, ebonisa ukuba i-rutin inokuthintela ukukhululwa kunye nokusebenza kwe-PLA2 kwizicubu ze-pancreatic. I-Rutin inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuvela kwe-hypocalcemia kwiigundane ze-AP, mhlawumbi ngokuthintela ukungena kwe-Ca2 + kunye nokunciphisa i-Ca2 + i-overload kwiiseli zezicubu ze-pancreatic, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umonakalo we-pathophysiological kwi-AP. [2]

Isalathiso: https://mp.weixin.qq.com

https://xueshu.baidu.com/usercenter/paper

Nge-rutin, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi. Sikulindile apha nanini na.