Phakathi kwamaphepha akutshanje ngale antioxidant enamandla kukho uphononongo olupapashwe kwiPhytotherapy Research ngoMatshi 2019, oluphonononge izinto ezili-9 malunga nemiphumo ye-quercetin kwi-metabolic syndrome. Uvavanyo olulawulwayo olungacwangciswanga.

I-Metabolic syndrome ibhekisa kuthotho lweengxaki zempilo ezonyusa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, isifo sentliziyo, kunye nesifo sohlangothi, kubandakanya uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, iswekile ephezulu yegazi, amanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride, kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamafutha esinqeni.

Nangona uphando olunzulu lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin ayinampembelelo kwi-glucose yegazi yokuzila ukutya, ukumelana ne-insulin okanye amanqanaba e-hemoglobin A1c, olunye uhlalutyo lwamaqela amancinci lubonise ukuba i-quercetin yongezwa kwizifundo ezithathe ubuncinane i-500 mg ngosuku ubuncinane iiveki ezisibhozo.” Iswekile yegazi yokuzila ukutya yehle kakhulu.

I-Quercetin inceda ekulawuleni ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo

Ngokutsho kophando olwapapashwa ngo-2016, i-quercetin inokwenza i-mitochondrial channel ye-apoptosis (ukufa kweeseli ezonakeleyo okucwangcisiweyo) ngokusebenzisana ne-DNA, ngaloo ndlela ibangela ukubuyela kwethumba.

Izifundo zifumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokubangela ubuthi beeseli ze-leukemia, kwaye isiphumo sinxulumene nomthamo. Iziphumo ezincinci ze-cytotoxic zifunyenwe nakwiiseli zomhlaza webele. Ngokubanzi, i-quercetin inokwandisa ubomi beempuku zomhlaza ngokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa neqela lolawulo elinganyangwanga.

Ababhali bathi ezi ziphumo zibangelwa kukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-quercetin kunye ne-DNA kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwindlela ye-mitochondrial ye-apoptosis, kwaye bacebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa okunokwenzeka kwe-quercetin njengeyeza elincedisayo kunyango lomhlaza kufanelekile ukuphononongwa ngakumbi.

Uphononongo lwakutshanje olupapashwe kwijenali iMolecules lukwagxininise neziphumo ze-epigenetic ze-quercetin kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukwenza oku kulandelayo:

Ukusebenzisana neendlela zokubonisa iiseli
Lawula ukubonakaliswa kwezakhi zofuzo
Ichaphazela umsebenzi wezinto ezibhaliweyo
Ilawula i-microribonucleic acid (i-microRNA)

I-Microribonucleic acid yayikhe yathathwa njenge-"junk" DNA. Izifundo zifumanise ukuba i-"junk" DNA ayiloncedo kwaphela. Enyanisweni yimolekyuli encinci ye-ribonucleic acid, edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iijini ezenza iiproteni zomntu.

I-Microribonucleic acid ingasetyenziswa njenge "switch" yezi gene. Ngokwegalelo le-microribonucleic acid, i-gene ingabhala nayiphi na imveliso yeproteni engaphezulu kwama-200. Amandla eQuercetin okuguqula ii-microRNA anokuchaza nemiphumo yayo ye-cytotoxic kunye nesizathu sokuba ibonakala ngathi inyusa ukusinda komhlaza (ubuncinane kwiimpuku).

I-Quercetin sisithako esinamandla sokulwa neentsholongwane

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla, uphando olwenziwe malunga ne-quercetin lugxile kubuchule bayo bokulwa neentsholongwane, obubangelwa ikakhulu ziindlela ezintathu zokusebenza:

Nqanda amandla eentsholongwane osulelo lweeseli
Nqanda ukuphindaphinda kweeseli ezisulelekileyo
Yehlisa ukumelana kweeseli ezinentsholongwane kunyango lwamayeza okulwa neentsholongwane

Umzekelo, uphando oluxhaswe yiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-US elapapashwa ngo-2007 lufumanise ukuba emva kokufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu lomzimba, i-quercetin inokunciphisa umngcipheko wokosulelwa yintsholongwane kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kwengqondo yakho, kungenjalo inokonakalisa ukusebenza komzimba wakho, ikwenze ube sesichengeni ngakumbi sezifo.

Kolu phononongo, abakhweli beebhayisekile bafumana i-1000 mg ye-quercetin ngosuku, idityaniswe ne-vitamin C (eyonyusa amanqanaba e-quercetin kwi-plasma) kunye ne-niacin (ekhuthaza ukufunxwa) kangangeeveki ezintlanu ezilandelelanayo. Iziphumo zifumanise ukuba xa kuthelekiswa nokunganyangwa. Kuyo nayiphi na ikhweli yeebhayisekile enyangiweyo, abo bathathe i-quercetin babenethuba eliphantsi kakhulu lokufumana isifo sentsholongwane emva kokukhwela ibhayisekile iiyure ezintathu ngosuku kangangeentsuku ezintathu ezilandelelanayo. Ama-45% abantu kwiqela le-placebo babegula, ngelixa ama-5% kuphela abantu kwiqela lonyango babegula.

I-US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) ixhase olunye uphando, olwapapashwa ngo-2008, kwaye yafunda ngokusetyenziswa kwentsholongwane ye-H1N1 influenza ebangela izifo ezininzi ukujongana nezilwanyana ezinyangwa nge-quercetin. Isiphumo sisafana, ukugula nokufa kweqela lonyango bekuphantsi kakhulu kunokweqela le-placebo. Ezinye izifundo ziqinisekisile ukusebenza kwe-quercetin ngokuchasene neentsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kuquka:

Uphononongo olwenziwe ngo-1985 lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokuthintela usulelo kunye nokuphindaphinda kwe-herpes simplex virus type 1, i-poliovirus type 1, i-parainfluenza virus type 3, kunye ne-respiratory syncytial virus.

Uphononongo lwezilwanyana ngo-2010 lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokuthintela zombini iintsholongwane zomkhuhlane u-A no-B. Kukwakho nezinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo ezifunyenweyo. Okokuqala, ezi ntsholongwane azikwazi ukumelana ne-quercetin; okwesibini, ukuba zisetyenziswa kunye namayeza okulwa neentsholongwane (i-amantadine okanye i-oseltamivir), iziphumo zazo ziyanda kakhulu - kwaye uphuhliso lokuxhathisa luyathintelwa.

Uphononongo lwezilwanyana ngo-2004 luvumile uhlobo lwentsholongwane ye-H3N2, luphanda impembelelo ye-quercetin kwi-influenza. Umbhali ubonise oku:

"Ngexesha losulelo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, uxinzelelo lwe-oxidative luyenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba i-quercetin inokubuyisela uxinaniso lwee-antioxidants ezininzi, abanye abantu bacinga ukuba isenokuba liyeza elisebenzayo elinokukhusela imiphunga ekukhutshweni ngexesha losulelo lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane. Iziphumo eziyingozi ze-oxygen free radicals."

Olunye uphando lwango-2016 lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokulawula ukubonakaliswa kweproteni kwaye inefuthe lokukhusela kwi-H1N1 influenza virus. Ngokukodwa, ulawulo lwe-heat shock protein, i-fibronectin 1 kunye ne-inhibitory protein kunceda ekunciphiseni ukuphindaphinda kwe-virus.

Uphononongo lwesithathu olwapapashwa ngo-2016 lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokuthintela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomkhuhlane, kuquka i-H1N1, i-H3N2, kunye ne-H5N1. Umbhali wengxelo yophando ukholelwa ukuba, “Olu phononongo lubonisa ukuba i-quercetin ibonisa umsebenzi wokuthintela kwinqanaba lokuqala losulelo lomkhuhlane, nto leyo ebonelela ngesicwangciso sonyango esinokwenzeka kwixesha elizayo ngokuphuhliswa kwamayeza endalo asebenzayo, akhuselekileyo, nangabizi kakhulu okunyanga nokuthintela usulelo [lwe-Influenza A virus].”

Ngowama-2014, abaphandi babonise ukuba i-quercetin “ibonakala ithembisa ekunyangeni umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo obangelwa zii-rhinoviruses” baza bongeza bathi, “Uphando luqinisekisile ukuba i-quercetin inokunciphisa ukungena ngaphakathi kunye nokuphindaphinda kwee-virus kwi-vitro. Umzimba unokunciphisa umthwalo wentsholongwane, i-pneumonia kunye nokusabela kakhulu kwindlela yomoya.”

I-Quercetin inokunciphisa nomonakalo we-oxidative, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwesibini lweebhaktheriya, ezizezona zibangela ukufa okubangelwa yi-influenza. Okubalulekileyo kukuba, i-quercetin yonyusa i-mitochondrial biosynthesis kwimisipha yamathambo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inxalenye yempembelelo yayo yokulwa neentsholongwane ibangelwa kukwanda kwesignali ye-mitochondrial antiviral.

Uphononongo lwezilwanyana ngo-2016 lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokuthintela intsholongwane ye-dengue kunye nosulelo lwe-hepatitis kwiimpuku. Ezinye izifundo ziqinisekisile ukuba i-quercetin inako ukuthintela usulelo lwe-hepatitis B kunye ne-C.

Kutshanje, uphando olupapashwe kwijenali iMicrobial Pathogenesis ngoMatshi 2020 lufumanise ukuba i-quercetin inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olupheleleyo kusulelo lweStreptococcus pneumoniae zombini kwi-vitro nakwi-vivo. Ityhefu (i-PLY) ekhutshwa yi-pneumococcus ukuthintela ukuqhambuka kosulelo lweStreptococcus pneumoniae. Kwingxelo ethi "Microbial Pathogenesis", umbhali ubonise oku:

"Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-quercetin iyawunciphisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-hemolytic kunye ne-cytotoxicity ebangelwa yi-PLY ngokuthintela ukwakheka kwee-oligomers."
Ukongeza, unyango lwe-quercetin lunokunciphisa umonakalo weeseli obangelwa yi-PLY, lunyuse izinga lokusinda kweempuku ezisuleleke ziidosi ezibulalayo ze-Streptococcus pneumoniae, lunciphise umonakalo wezifo zemiphunga, kwaye luthintele ukukhululwa kwe-cytokines (IL-1β kunye ne-TNF) kwi-bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. -α).
Ukuqwalasela ukubaluleka kwezi ziganeko kwi-pathogenesis ye-Streptococcus pneumoniae enganyangekiyo, iziphumo zethu zibonisa ukuba i-quercetin inokuba liyeza elitsha elinokubakho lokunyanga usulelo lwe-pneumococcal."
I-Quercetin ilwa nokuvuvukala kwaye iphucula ukusebenza komzimba

Ukongeza kumsebenzi wokulwa neentsholongwane, i-quercetin inokonyusa amajoni omzimba kwaye ilwe nokudumba. Uphononongo luka-2016 olupapashwe kwijenali i-Nutrients lubonise ukuba iindlela zokusebenza ziquka (kodwa azipheleli apho) ukuthintela:

• I-Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) ebangelwa yi-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) kwi-macrophages. I-TNF-α yi-cytokine ebandakanyeka ekuvuvukeni kwenkqubo yomzimba. Ikhutshwa yi-activated macrophages. Ii-Macrophages ziiseli zomzimba ezinokuginya izinto zangaphandle, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye izinto ezinobungozi okanye ezonakeleyo.
• Amanqanaba e-TNF-α abangelwa yi-Lipopolysaccharide kunye ne-interleukin (Il)-1α mRNA kwiiseli ze-glial, nto leyo enokubangela "ukwehla kwe-neuronal cell apoptosis"
• Ukuthintela ukuveliswa kwee-enzymes ezibangela ukudumba
• Ithintela i-calcium ekungeneni kwiiseli, ngaloo ndlela ithintela:
◦ Ukukhululwa kwee-cytokines ezibangela ukuvuvukala
◦ Iiseli zemasti zamathumbu zikhupha i-histamine kunye ne-serotonin 

Ngokwale nqaku, i-quercetin inokuzinzisa iiseli ze-mast, inomsebenzi wokukhusela amathumbu, kwaye "inempembelelo ethe ngqo kwiimpawu zokusebenza ezisisiseko zeeseli zomzimba", ukuze "ikwazi ukunciphisa okanye ukuthintela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokudumba kunye nemisebenzi," Ithintele inani elikhulu leethagethi ze-molecular kuluhlu lwe-micromolar concentration".

I-Quercetin inokuba sisongezelelo esiluncedo kubantu abaninzi

Xa sijonga uluhlu olubanzi lweenzuzo ze-quercetin, isenokuba sisongezelelo esiluncedo kubantu abaninzi, nokuba yingxaki ebukhali okanye yexesha elide, inokuba nefuthe elithile. Esi sisongezelelo ndicebisa ukuba usigcine kwikhabhathi yamayeza. Sinokuba luncedo xa uziva ngathi "uza kuxinana" yingxaki yempilo (nokuba ngumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane).

Ukuba unengxaki yokubanjwa ngumkhuhlane, ungacinga ngokuthatha i-quercetin kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwexesha lomkhuhlane ukuze uqinise amasosha omzimba wakho. Ekugqibeleni, kubonakala ngathi kuluncedo kakhulu kwizigulana ezine-metabolic syndrome, kodwa bubudenge kakhulu ukuthembela kuphela kwizongezo ezithile uze ungasombululi iingxaki ezisisiseko ezifana nokutya kunye nokuzilolonga ngaxeshanye.